ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of resistance-aerobic exercise on glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the patients of prediabetes mellitus (PDM).Methods:A total of 88 patients with PDM diagnosed and treated in Yuyao Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from February to October 2020 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method, with 44 patients in each group. The control group adopted aerobic exercise, and the observation group adopted resistance-aerobic exercise. The changes of blood sugar, lipid levels, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were compared after treatment. According to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), the 10-year incidence probability of CVD was calculated.Results:After treatment, the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (5.32 ± 0.54) mmol/L vs. (5.57 ± 0.60) mmol/L, (7.10 ± 1.07) mmol/L vs. (7.58 ± 1.02) mmol/L, (5.64 ± 0.36)% vs. (5.82 ± 0.40)%, 2.54 ± 0.56 vs. 2.89 ± 0.75, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was higher than that in the control group: (4.80 ± 0.62) mmol/L vs. (5.14 ± 0.74) mmol/L, (1.50 ± 0.62) mmol/L vs. (1.80 ± 0.70)mmol/L, (2.80 ± 0.52) mmol/L vs. (3.04 ± 0.59) mmol/L, (1.90 ± 0.44) mmol/L vs. (1.72 ± 0.40) mmol/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After the treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (128.42 ± 13.74) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (134.98 ± 14.56) mmHg, (74.64 ± 8.02) mmHg vs.(78.25 ± 8.53) mmHg ( P<0.05); the BMI and WHR in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (23.28 ± 1.66) kg/m 2 vs. (24.15 ± 2.02) kg/m 2, 0.84 ± 0.05 vs. 0.86 ± 0.03, P<0.05. The FRS score and 10-year incidence of CVD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group: [(12.15 ± 1.52) scores vs.(12.84 ± 1.59) scores, (6.42 ± 1.52)% vs. (7.23 ± 1.79)%, P<0.05. Conclusions:The effect of resistance-aerobic exercise on PDM is obvious, which can significantly improve glycolipid metabolism and reduce the risk of CVD.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlation of glucose and blood lipid metabolism in elderly patients with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection complicated with metabolic syndrome (MS), and to provide theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of MS patients. Methods A total of 176 elderly MS patients treated in our hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were selected. Uremic [13C] tablet breath test kit was used to determine Hp infection. According to Hp infection, they were divided into Hp positive group (n=59) and Hp negative group (n=117). Glucose metabolism indexes (FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c, FINS) and serum lipid metabolism indexes (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) were determined in all subjects. Risk factors of Hp infection in MS patients were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between sreum LDL-C, HbA1c and FINS levels and DOB value in MS patients. Results The levels of FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c, FINS and LDL-C in Hp positive group were significantly higher than those in Hp negative group (P0.05). It showed that LDL-C, HbA1c and FINS were independent risk factors for Hp infection in MS patients (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that There was a positive correlation between DOB and LDL-C, HbA1c and FINS levels in MS patients (r=0.475,0.512,0.459,P<0.05). Conclusion Hp infection can affect glucose and lipid metabolism in elderly MS patients, and there is a close relationship between Hp infection and ldL-C, HbA1c and FINS levels in elderly MS patients.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Danzhi Jiangtang capsules with the functions of replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin， and dredging collaterals on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） combined with lower-extremity macroangiopathy and serum levels of homocysteine （Hcy） and cystatin C （Cys C）. MethodA total of 80 eligible patients who were treated in the department of endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from May 2017 to December 2019 were randomized into the treatment group （40 cases） and control group （40 cases）. Both groups received the basic therapies for diabetes and Danzhi Jiangtang capsules （oral） was added to the treatment group. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c）， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， 2-hour postprandial glucose （2 hPG）， fasting C-peptide （C-P）， and 2-hour postprandial C-peptide （2 hC-P）， triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and serum levels of Hcy and Cys C were measured and the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome scores were calculated before and after treatment in the two groups. ResultAfter 12 weeks of treatment， levels of HbA1c， FPG， and 2 hPG were lower than those before treatment in the two groups （P<0.05）. Levels of C-P （P<0.05） and 2 hC-P were higher than those before treatment in the two groups. After treatment， levels of HbA1c， FPG， and 2 hPG in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）， while levels of C-P and 2 hC-P showed no significant difference between two groups. After treatment， the levels of TG， TC， and LDL-C were lower than those before treatment （P<0.05） and HDL-C level was higher than that before treatment （P<0.05） in both groups. After treatment， levels of TG and LDL-C in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）， and levels of TC and HDL-C demonstrated no significant difference between two groups. After the treatment， the TCM syndrome score was lower than that before the treatment in both groups （P<0.05） and lower in the treatment group than in the control group （P<0.05）. The overall effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group （χ２=7.585， P<0.05）. The levels of Cys C and Hcy were lower than those before treatment in the two groups （P<0.05） and lower in the treatment group than in the control group （P<0.05）. Doppler echocardiography of the lower limbs showed no obvious improvement in the control group after treatment. However， for the treatment group， slight decrease in intima-media thickness of the lower limb arteries and a slight reduction in the plaque area were observed， but the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionDanzhi Jiangtang capsules has definite therapeutic effect on T2DM combined with lower-extremity macroangiopathy， which can improve glucolipid metabolism and reduce serum levels of Hcy and Cys C. This study can serve a reference for the prevention and treatment of T2DM combined with macroangiopathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate glucolipid metabolism and sex hormone levels among female children with precocious puberty, so as to provide insights into the illustration of pathogenesis of precocious puberty. @*Methods@#A total of 110 female children with precocious puberty treated in Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital during the period from May 2019 through May 2021 were enrolled and assigned into the idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) group and the premature thelarche alone (PT) group according to the results of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation tests. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) andlipoprotein-a [Lp (a)] levels were detected and compared in children between the ICPP and PT groups.@*Results@#There were 70 cases in the ICCP group, with a mean age of (7.62±1.13) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of (16.30±2.21) kg/m2 and 40 cases in the PT group, with a mean age of (7.42±1.04) years and a mean BMI of (16.70±2.10) kg/m2 (both P>0.05). The FSH [(3.58±0.80) vs. (2.22±0.75) IU/L], LH [(1.40±0.28) vs. (0.25±0.12) IU/L], P [(0.29±0.12) vs. (0.18±0.08) ng/mL], E2 [(23.28±4.23) vs. (15.54±2.75) pg/mL] and PRL [(8.56±1.93) vs. (6.54±1.50) ng/mL], FINS [(13.24±2.54) vs. (11.10±2.49) U/L], TG [(1.36±0.17) vs. (1.21±0.27) mmol/L], LDL-C [(3.10±0.44) vs. (2.81±0.60) mmol/L], ApoB [(0.78±0.19) vs. (0.71±0.14) g/L] and Lp (a) levels [(252.45±52.10) vs. (202.60±41.28) mg/L] were significantly higher in the ICPP group than in the PT group (all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The levels of sex hormones and glucolipid metabolism parameters are significantly higher among female children with ICPP than among those with PT.
ABSTRACT
@#This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of 60% ethanol elution fraction (ESMW) from Si Miao Wan on the hepatic lipid accumulation and its mechanism.TG kit, BODIPY fluorescence staining, QPCR, WB, oil red O staining, and AMPKα knockdown were used to detect the ability of ESMW to improve lipid accumulation in hepatocytes stimulated with free fatty acid.Furthermore, the effects of ESMW on the oral glucose tolerance, serum biochemical indexes, TG content in liver tissue, the expressions of mRNA and protein related to lipid metabolism in liver tissue were studied in mice fed with high fat diet to verify the mechanism of ESMW fraction on hepatic lipid accumulation.The results showed that ESMW inhibited lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acids by regulating AMPK signaling pathway, and that ESMW significantly improved the lipid metabolism of mice fed with high fat diet, with relation to AMPK signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective:The hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of total flavonoids from Potentillae Discoloris Herba（TFE） on insulin resistance through the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway in db/db mice were investigated. Method:The 24 db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups， model group， metformin group and TFE 100，400 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> group respectively. The 6 db/m mice as normal control group. After 4 weeks treatment， the mice were processed and the levels of fasting blood glucose（FBG）， glycated serum protein（GSP），fasting blood insulin（FINS），triglyceride（TG）， total cholesterol（TC）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C），high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in serum were detected. Homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR）were quantified. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining of liver and pancreatic tissues were examined. The expression of IR<italic>β</italic>， IRS-1，PI3K，phosphorylation-PI3K （p-PI3K）， Akt， phosphorylation-Akt（p-Akt） and glucose transporter 4（GLUT4） in livers were assessed by Western blot. Result:Compared with normal group， model group showed liver and pancreas injury. FBG， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， FINS and MDA levels in serum were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， HDL-C and SOD levels in serum were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， liver glycogen content was significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， as well as expression of IR， IRS-1， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt and GLUT4 protein in liver tissues were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with model group， TFE was able to relieve liver and pancreas injury，while the levels of FBG， GSP， TC， TG， FINS and MDA in serum were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， HDL-C and SOD levels liver were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， liver glycogen content was significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the expressions of IRS-1， p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt and GLUT4 protein in liver tissues were significantly up-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:These findings indicate that TFE has the potential to reduce blood sugar and alleviates insulin resistance through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the livers of db/db mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex couplet medicines on glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats before and after salt-processing. Method:The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with low dose streptozotocin （STZ）， the model rats were randomly divided into six groups， including the model group， metformin group （200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， and different compatibility groups of raw and salt-processed of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex （6.48 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>）. In addition， The same week old rats fed with normal diet were set as the blank group. After 30 d of continuous intragastric administration， changes of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， fasting serum insulin （FINS）， glycosylated serum protein （GSP）， hepatic glycogen， blood lipid ［total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）］， nonesterified fatty acid （NEFA）， adipocytokines ［adiponectin （ADP） and leptin）］， kidney function ［blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （CRE）］ and other indicators of rats from different groups were detected， and the insulin sensitivity index （ISI） and insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） were calculated， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of pancreas， liver and kidney of rats from different groups. Result:Compared with the model group， compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex couplet medicines before and after salt-processing all could decrease the levels of FBG， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， NEFA， leptin， BUN， CRE and HOMA-IR， and increase the contents of FINS， HDL-C， ADP， hepatic glycogen and ISI， among which the compatibility of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex had the most significant effect on regulating glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. The compatibility of all couplet medicines could improve the histopathological changes of pancreas， liver and kidney in type 2 diabetic rats， among which the compatibility of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex had the most prominent effect on repairing pathological damage. Conclusion:The compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex before and after salt-processing can improve glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats， while the comprehensive effect of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex<italic> </italic>on lowering glucose and regulating lipid is the best.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe early postoperative changes in body composition in patients receiving laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and to explore the relationship between body composition and glycolipid metabolism, so as to provide stage-specific information for doctors in the weight loss team on metabolic surgery effect assessment and postoperative follow-up and guidance.Methods:The study was a retrospective cohort study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 44 patients who underwent LSG in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from December 1, 2017 to May 30, 2021 were included. Body composition was measured using bio-electrical impedance analysis at baseline and after surgery.Results:The patients' body composition changed significantly at 1 month and 3 months after surgery, and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators improved significantly. Body composition indicators, including body mass index (BMI), the amount of moisture in the body, inorganic salts, body fat, skeletal muscle mass, fat free mass, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip fat ratio, visceral fat, basal metabolic rate and bone mineral content, decreased significantly within 3 months after surgery ( P<0.05). The ratio of upper and lower limb muscle to body weight (U/W, L/W) increased significantly after surgery ( P<0.05). The ratio of trunk muscle to body weight (T/W) decreased within 3 months after surgery ( P<0.05). Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses showed that skeletal muscle mass and U/W were positively correlated with triglyceride ( r=0.637 and 0.304, respectively, both P<0.05) in 3 months after operation. L/W was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose ( r=0.454, P<0.05). T/W was negatively correlated with triglyceride ( r=-0.643, P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients undergoing LSG displayed significant changes in body composition in the early postoperative period. Changes in muscle mass of different body parts varies and showed different effects on glucose and lipid metabolism parameters. The trunk muscle mass is negatively correlated with glucose and lipid metabolism indicators, while limb muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass are positively. It is suggested that the changes of body composition in different parts should be observed when evaluating patient outcomes after LSG and the trunk body mass should be preserved as far as possible.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore effects of polysaccharides from Scrophulariae Radix (PFR) on glucolipid metabolism and hepatic insulin signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetic rat models were constructed by STZ injection, and randomly divided into five groups: model group, low, medium and high dose groups (80, 160, 320 mg/kg) of PFR, and positive drug group of metformin (200 mg/kg); In addition, ordinary feed rats of the same age were set as normal group; Body weight and survival status, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), liver function (ALT, AST), renal function (CREA, BUN), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), insulin secretion (FINS), C-peptide, SOD, MDA, CAT, GSH-Px, and other indicators were detected after drug delivery for six weeks; HE staining and oil red O staining were used to evaluate the pathological changes and steatosis of liver in rats; Western blotting was used to detect the changes of hepatic insulin signaling pathway related protein. Results: PFR increased the weight of diabetic rats, improved the metabolic function, reducde the content of FBG, GHb, ALT, AST, CREA, BUN, TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA and increased the content of HDL-C, FINS, C-peptide, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px; Western blotting assay showed that PFR could activate IRS-2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and increase the protein levels of PPAR-γ and GLUT-4. Conclusion: PFR could improve glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats by regulating the hepatic insulin signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To determine the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources on glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia.@*Methods@#We recruited participants from the diabetes specialist clinic at the Guanlin hospital in Yixing city, Jiangsu Province from February 2017 to March 2017. A total of 180 subjects were randomly assigned to 3 g/day fish oil (FO), perilla oil (PO), or fish oil mixed with linseed oil (FLO) for 6 months. The basic conditions and fasting venous blood sample were obtained from each study subject at baseline, after 6 months of intervention. Serum glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated.@*Results@#A total of 156 subjects aged (62.6±8.6) years completed the final follow-up after 6 months (FO,54 subjects; PO,52 subjects; FLO,50 subjects). Among them,59 patients (37.8%) were male. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C peptide, insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were not significantly different among the three groups after 6 months. Serum triglyceride decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in FO [1.33 (1.05,1.93) mmol/L, (1.36±0.29) mmol/L, respectively] compared with PO [1.71 (1.23, 2.17) mmol/L, (1.23±0.22) mmol/L, respectively] and FLO [1.51 (1.12, 2.22) mmol/L, (1.29±0.30) mmol/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B decreased in PO [(2.60±0.57) mmol/L,(0.96±0.23) g/L, respectively] compared with FO [(2.89±0.76) mmol/L, (1.07±0.30) g/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Serum lipoprotein(a) decreased in FLO [130.7 (63.3,270.6) mg/L] compared with FO [137.4 (58.7,333.2) mg/L] (P<0.05). Serum free fatty acid decreased in FLO [(0.43±0.15) mmol/L] compared with PO [(0.53±0.22) mmol/L] (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The effects of ω-3 PUFA from different sources on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia are similar. Each of them has a good application prospect in improving lipid metabolism.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effect and mechanism of aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza(SM) on high sugar-induced Drosophila melanogaster metabolic disorder model. The levels of glucose, triglyceride and protein in SM were detected; nymphosis time was recorded, and the reliability of metabolic disorder model as well as the mechanism of aerial parts of SM were evaluated based on metabonomics. The results showed that the levels of glucose and triglyceride in model group were significantly higher than those in normal control group(<0.05). As compared with the model group, the glucose level was significantly decreased in gliclazide(GLZ) group, SM medium(SM-M) and high(SM-H) dose groups(<0.05, <0.01); the triglyceride level was significantly decreased in GLZ group and SM-H group(<0.05, <0.01). By principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), the metabolic level of model ones was recovered to a certain degree after intervention by aerial parts of SM. Seventeen marker compounds and four major metabolic pathways were obtained by screening differential metabolites, comparing literature and retrieving the database. The aerial parts of SM may regulate glycolipid metabolism through the impact on histidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, cysteine and methionine metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism. Extract from aerial parts of SM can regulate the glycolipid metabolism of D. melanogaster metabolic disorder model and make it return to normal condition. This paper provides reference for the value discovery and resource utilization of the aerial parts of S. miltiorrhiza.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore effects and mechanism on glucolipid metabolism of liver of ginsenoside Rb1 in diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetic rat model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ).Hepatic pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Apoptosis was analyzed through Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL) staining.Blood glucose was determined with glucometer.The level of insulin and C peptide was tested by radioimmunoassay.Total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglyceride was detected by full automatic biochemical analyzer.The expression of JNK signal pathway related proteins JNK1 and c-Jun was measured by Western blot.The expression of inflammatory factor IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Liver injury was ameliorated by ginsenoside Rb1 in diabetic rats.Compared with control group,the level of blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rat group was increased with attenuated level of insulin and C peptide (P<0.05).Compared with STZ-induced diabetic rat group,the level of blood glucose in STZ+ginsenoside Rb1 group was decreased with enhancive level of insulin and C peptide(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the level of total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in STZ-induced diabetic rat group was elevated with attenuated level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05).Compared with STZ-induced diabetic rat group,the level of total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in STZ+ginsenoside Rb1 group declined with elevated level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05).The relative expression of JNK1 and c-Jun in STZ-induced diabetic rat group was higher than control group (P<0.05).The relative expression of JNK1 and c-Jun in STZ+ginsenoside Rb1 group was lower than STZ-induced diabetic rat group(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the expression of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in STZ-induced diabetic rat group was enhanced (P<0.05).The expression of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in STZ+ginsenoside Rb1 group was lower than STZ-induced diabetic rat group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates liver injury,abnormal glucolipid metabolism and inflammatory response of liver through inhibition of JNK signal pathway in diabetic rats.
ABSTRACT
Property and flavor theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the core base for clinical treatment of diseases. However, few research about its chemical and biological characterization was performed. In this paper, network pharmacology was adopted to review patterns around the theory of TCM. "Xiaoke" prescription database, which combinations of herb medicines for diabetes therapy, was firstly built to explore prescription regularity and screen core paired-components. The prescription regularity and molecular mechanism of flavor composition were explored through the relationship of "drug-compound-target-pathway-function" by ChEMBL, CTD and KEGG datebase. As a result, the tastes of "Gan" (sweetish taste) and "Ku" (bitter taste) were the popular therapeutic flavor to regulate the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolisms. The mechanism of Xiaoke was summarized from representative traditional Chinese medicine partner "Zhimu-Huangbai" and "Huangqi-Gegen". The key components of "Gan", including saponins stimulated insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance and promote glucose utilization. The components of "Ku", including flavonoids and alkaloids regulate inflammatory cytokines, promoted the utilization of glucose, improve endocrine and metabolism through MAPK, PI3K-Akt, PPAR signal pathway. The TCM therapeutic mechanism about "Xiaoke" was preliminarily summarized to clear "heat" by anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, to regulate glucolipid metabolism for removing the satiation of digestion, and to improve the utilization of insulin and diabetes complications for endocrine adjusting. The results demonstrate that therapeutic principle of TCM for "Xiaoke" is comprehensive via multi pathway. This study provides a new research method and strategy for exploring the mechanism of TCM for diabetes therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of olanzapine on glucolipid metabolism,liver function and prolactin level in childhood onset schizophrenia(COS) to provide reference for clinical medication.Methods Thirty-eight patients with COS aged 13-17 years old were treated with olanzapine for at least two weeks.The changes of body mass,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),glucose (GLU) and prolactin (PRL) were detected and compared between before and after treatment.Results The body mass after medication in children patients was significantly increased,average increase by (3.50-t-1.90)kg (P＜0.01).The levels of ALT,AST,TC,TG and PRL after treatment were higher than before treatment (P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in blood GLU level between before and after treatment(P=0.598).The body mass change before and after treatment was positively correlated with ALT and AST levels(r=0.366,0.377,P＜0.05);whereas the PRL level before and after treatment was negatively correlated with the body mass change (r=-0.432,P＜0.01).Conclusion Olanzapine can lead to the body weight gain and increase of ALT,AST,TC,TG and PRL levels in COS patients.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To study whether the pulmonary infection of Escherichia coli (E.coli) interferes the glu-colipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.METHODS:High-fat diet-induced obese mice (n=48) and nor-mal chow-fed control mice ( n=48) were intranasally infused with 40 μL fluid containing 4 ×109 CFUs E.coli.The ser-um, periepididymal adipose tissue and liver were obtained at 0 d, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 4 d after infection.The body mass, periepididymal adipose tissue and liver were weighed , and the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin ( FINS) , free fatty acid ( FFA) and very-low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL) were measured by ELISA .The serum total cho-lesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) , and hepatic TG contents were detected , and the hepatic steatosis was observed under microscope with oil red O staining.RESULTS:Compared with day 0, the body mass, fat mass and fat index were decreased significantly from day 1 to day 4 after infection (P<0.05).The levels of FBG, FINS and HOMA-IR were apparently raised from day 2 to day 4 af-ter infection (P<0.05).The contents of serum FFA, TG and VLDL were increased markedly from day 1 to day 4 after in-fection (P<0.05).However, the concentrations of serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were decreased obviously from day 1 to day 3 ( P<0.05 ) .The liver mass , liver index and TG content were significantly increased from day 1 to day 4 ( P<0.05 ) .Consistently , the lipid droplet accumulation in the liver cells was increased obviously at day 2 and day 4 after infec-tion.Compared with control group , except the levels of serum TC , LDL-C and HDL-C in obese group substantially de-creased, the other indexes were increased by different degrees during the whole experiment period (P<0.05).CONCLU-SION:Pulmonary infection of Escherichia coli exacerbates the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-in-duced obese mice , which contributes the development of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis .
ABSTRACT
Objective·To study the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on hepatic glycolipid metabolism in the rat models with obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods·The rats were randomly divided into control group, high-fat diet+DM group, sham-operated group and operated group, ten each. The changes of body weights and food intakes, as well as the results of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were monitored. The mRNA and protein expressions of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were respectively detected. Results·The body weights and food intakes were significantly reduced in operated group, as compared to the high-fat diet+DM group and sham-operated group.The areas under the curve of IPGTT and ITT in operated group were reduced. Meanwhile, red lipid droplets of the operated group were obviously less than those of high-fat diet+DM group and sham-operated group by oil red-O staining. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of FXR and FGF21 in operated group were significantly higher than those of high-fat diet+DM group and sham-operated group, while G6Pase mRNA expression was reduced. The protein levels of FXR and FGF21 were also higher in operated group than in high-fat diet+DM group and sham-operated group, but G6Pase level was decreased. Conclusion·RYGB could improve the glycolipid metabolism of rats with obesity combined with T2DM by activating FXR-G6Pase pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective·To study the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on hepatic glycolipid metabolism in the rat models with obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods·The rats were randomly divided into control group, high-fat diet+DM group, sham-operated group and operated group, ten each. The changes of body weights and food intakes, as well as the results of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were monitored. The mRNA and protein expressions of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were respectively detected. Results·The body weights and food intakes were significantly reduced in operated group, as compared to the high-fat diet+DM group and sham-operated group.The areas under the curve of IPGTT and ITT in operated group were reduced. Meanwhile, red lipid droplets of the operated group were obviously less than those of high-fat diet+DM group and sham-operated group by oil red-O staining. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of FXR and FGF21 in operated group were significantly higher than those of high-fat diet+DM group and sham-operated group, while G6Pase mRNA expression was reduced. The protein levels of FXR and FGF21 were also higher in operated group than in high-fat diet+DM group and sham-operated group, but G6Pase level was decreased. Conclusion·RYGB could improve the glycolipid metabolism of rats with obesity combined with T2DM by activating FXR-G6Pase pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of cognitive impairment in hippocampus on glucose and lipid metabolism, and its relations with gastrointestinal motility. Methods The Aβ1-42 was injected into the hippocampus of rats. Levels of glucose and lipid were detected. The changes of gastrointestinal motility were detected by the type-B ultrasonic and the ink-pushing experiments. Hippocampal neurons apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. Results In the experimental group, FPG, TG, TC, LDL were (7.92 ± 0.29) mmol/L, (2.24 ± 0.12) mmol/L, (4.67 ± 0.12) mmol/L, (2.41 ± 0.12) mmol/L, respectively, with significant differences among these three groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group and the control group, the number of bowel movements per unit time (2.13 ± 0.83) times, gastric emptying rate (44.35 ± 7.53) % and the small intestinal propulsion rate (57.60 ± 7.82)%in the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The experimental hippocampal neuronal apoptosis index was an average of (64.98 ± 3.70)%, which was significantly higher than that in the sham group and the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hippocampal cognitive impairment can elevate the blood lipid level, which may be associated with the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and the gastrointestinal motility disorders.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study on glucolipid metabolism effect of the total flavones of propolis (TFP) in Goto-Kakisaki rats (GK Rats). METHODS: Fifty GK rats were randomly divided into 5 groups by blood glucose, the model group, positive drug group (2 000 mg · kg-1) and the high (240 mg · kg-1) dose of the TFP group, the medium (120 mg · kg-1) doses of the TFP group, low (60 mg · kg-1) doses of the TFP group. The GK rats in TFP groups were given with TFP by intragastric administration, continuously treated for 8 weeks, the control group were given equal sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC-Na) and positive drug group were given (2 000 mg · kg-1) dose of Xiaoke pills by intragastric administration. The glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein(LDL-C), glycated hemoglobin(GHb), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ma-londialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH), serum insulin(lNS), C-peptide(C-P), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) free fatty acid (FFA), nitric oxide(NO), and hepatic glycogen were measured at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the levels of GLU, TG, TC, LDL-C, GHb, MDA and TNF-α were decreased significantly (P 0.05) in the low-dose group. The levels of SOD, hepatic glycogen, NO and C-P were increased significantly(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the levels of GLU, MDA, TG and GHb were decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P < 0.001) in Xiaoke pills group. CONCLUSION: TFP can significantly decrease the level of blood glucose, significantly improve the glucose and lipid metabolism and inhibit insulin resistance in deficiency of GK rats.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to observe the effects on glucolipid metabolism of aqueous extract of traditional South African herb Sutherlandia. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) combined with high fat feed method was used in the establishment of type 2 diabetes rat model. Then, rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, pioglitazone group, and the Sutherlandia group. Observation was made on changes of body weight, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Western blot method was used to detect IRS-1 expression of skeletal muscle in rats of each group. The results showed that compared with the normal group, body weight in the model group was decreased, and indicators of OGTT, TG, TC, LDL-C were significantly increased (P< 0.05). Symptoms such as increased drink-ing, eating and urine were obvious; and the IRS-1 expression was obviously decreased (P< 0.05). After treatment, compared with the model group, there was no significant body weight increase in the Sutherlandia group or the pi-oglitazone group. Indicators of blood glucose, TG, TC in the Sutherlandia group and the pioglitazone group were ob-viously decreased with no statistical difference (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). In the Sutherlandia group and the pioglitazone group, IRS-1 expression of skeletal muscle in rats was obviously increased with no statistical difference (P< 0.05). It was concluded that type 2 diabetes rats induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ combined with high fat feed method can induce glucolipid metabolism disorders. Traditional South African herb Sutherlandia can obviously reduce the blood sugar level, improve blood lipid metabolism, and improve the level of insulin. Sutherlandia can improve the IRS-1 expression of skeletal muscle in rats, relief the insulin resistance, and lower blood sugar. However, the effect of its exact ways required further in-depth study.